Findings from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) 2001 - 2002 A Demographic and Employment Profile of United States Farm Workers
Appendix B: Index of Means and Percentages of Key Variables
Note: Sum of all portions may not equal 100 percent because of rounding.
Chapter 1 Variables
Mean or Percentage
Place of Birth
100%
Mexico
75%
United States (including Puerto Rico)
23%
Central America
2%
Other Country
1%
Mexico Sending Region
States in Region
Agricultural Northwest
Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora
7%
Northwest
Chihuahua, Coahuila
Northeast
Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
8%
Core North Central
Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes
4%
Core Northeast
San Luis Potosi, Queretaro, Hidalgo
Pacific Central
Nayarit, Colima
3%
West Central
Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan
46%
Urban Federal District
Estado de Mexico, Mexico Distrito Federal
Pacific South
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas
11%
Gulf
Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Morelos, Veracruz, Quintana Roo
9%
Ethnicity
Mexican American
Mexican
72%
Chicano
Other Hispanic
Not Hispanic or Latino
16%
Race
White
41%
Black or African American
American Indian / Alaskan Native / Indigenous
Asian
<1%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Other
47%
Foreign-born Workers:
Years Passed Since First U.S. Arrival
<1
22%
1 - 2
3 - 4
5 - 9
10 - 14
13%
15 +
29%
Years Passed Since First U.S. Arrival, by Place of Birth
10
5
Foreign-born Newcomers:
Share Among All Crop Workers
Employment Eligibility (All Workers)
Work authorized
Citizens
25%
Legal permanent residents
21%
Unauthorized
53%
Migrant Types
Settled (non migrant)
58%
Migrant
42%
Foreign-born newcomer
International shuttle
International follow-the-crop
Domestic shuttle
6%
Domestic follow-the-crop
Chapter 2 Variables
Gender is Male
79%
Age
33
Age cohorts
14 - 17
18 - 19
5%
20 - 24
20%
25 - 34
30%
35 - 44
45 - 54
12%
55 - 64
65 +
Age by Demographic Characteristics
All Crop Workers
Foreign-born
All Foreign-born
32
Authorized Foreign-born
40
Unauthorized Foreign-born
28
Newcomers
24
Arrived more than year ago
34
Born in Mexico
Born in Central American country
U.S.-born
All U.S.-born
36
African American
43
Hispanic
Family Type
Married parent
45%
Married, no children
Unmarried parent
Single, no children
37%
Number of Children of Parent Respondents
Average
2
Number of children
1
31%
33%
3
4
10%
6
7+
Cohabitation of Parent and Minor Children
Parent lives with all minor children
61%
Parent lives away from all minor children
Parent lives with some of minor children
Crop Worker: Unity with / Separation from Nuclear Family
Accompanied (lives with at least one nuclear family member)
43%
Unaccompanied (living away from all nuclear family)
57%
Among unaccompanied
Parents
Chapter 3 Variables
Native Language
Spanish
81%
English
18%
Education
Highest grade completed
7th
Years of Schooling
No schooling
1st - 3rd grade
4th - 7th grade
38%
8th - 11th grade
28%
12th grade
13 + years
Highest grade completed by place of birth
United States
11th
All foreign-born
6th
Participation in adult education in the U.S. (lifetime)
Type of adult education (multiple responses)
GED
College or university
Citizenship class
Job training
Ability to Speak English
Not at all
44%
A little
26%
Some
Well
24%
Ability to Read English
Chapter 4 Variables
Farm Employers
Average No. of farm employers in previous year
1.43
Number of farm employers in previous year
5 +
Time Employed and Not Employed in Previous Year
Activity Weeks (excluding foreign-born newcomers)
farm work
non farm work
in the United States but not working
9
outside of the United States
Number of Farm Workdays in Previous Year
All workers
174
All authorized workers
185
All unauthorized workers
165
Foreign-born newcomers
90
U.S. Farm Work Experience
(excluding foreign-born newcomers)
Average number of years of U.S. farm work
12
Number of years of U.S. farm work
0 - 1
2 - 4
5 - 10
11 - 20
21 +
Employment Plans and Expectations
Number of years planning to do farm work
Less than 1
1 - 3
4 - 5
More than 5
More than 5 and as long as able
66%
Crop worker believes could obtain non-farm job in one month
Yes
No
Not sure
Chapter 5 Variables
Employer Type
Employer is a grower (direct hire)
Employer is a farm labor contractor
Primary Crop at Current Farm Job
Fruit and nut
34%
Vegetable
Horticultural
Field
14%
Miscellaneous
Primary Task at Current Farm Job
Pre-harvest
Harvest
Post-harvest
Technical production
17%
27%
How Obtained Current Farm Job
Applied on own
Referred by friend, relative, or fellow worker
70%
Recruited by grower, foreman, or labor contractor
Years Working for Current Farm Employer
Average number of years
Number of years
35%
2 - 3
6 - 7
8 - 9
10 +
Seasonality of Current Farm Job
Year-round
60%
Seasonal
15%
Hours Worked in Previous Week at
Current Farm Job
42
Basis for Pay, Current Farm Job
By the hour
By the piece
Combination, hourly and piece
Salary
Hourly Wage at Current Farm Job
$7.25
Cash Bonus Given
65%
Type of Cash Bonus (when given)
(multiple responses)
Holiday bonus
51%
Incentive award
Bonus contingent on employer's profits
End-of-season payment
32%
Transportation stipend
Eligible for Unemployment Insurance
39%
54%
Covered by Workers' Compensation
48%
Covered by Health Insurance
76%
Source of Health Insurance (for those covered)
Current farm employer
Government
19%
Self, spouse, or family
Spouse's employer
Housing Arrangement during Current Farm Job
Rents from non employer
Employer provides for free
Rents from employer
Worker or worker's family owns
Stays for free with family or friend
Housing Location during Current Farm Job
Off farm, non employer administered
80%
Off farm, employer administered
On farm
Housing Type during Current Farm Job
Single family home or unit
55%
Apartment
Trailer or mobile home
Dormitory or barracks
Duplex / conjoined multifamily structure
Motel / hotel
Daily Worksite Availability of
Drinking water and disposable cups
Water for washing hands
95%
Toilet
93%
Mode of Transportation to Current Farm Job
Drives a car
Walks
Rides in car with others
Rides a labor bus
Pays a driver "Raitero"
Tools and Equipment (when they are utilized) Paid by:
Employer
84%
Worker
Both
Chapter 6 Variables
Individual Income, All U.S. Sources, Previous Calendar Year
Average individual income range
$10,000 - $12,499
Individual income range
$0 - $999
$1,000 - $2,499
$2,500 - $4,999
$5,000 - $7,499
$7,500 - $9,999
$12,500 - $14,999
$15,000 - $17,499
$17,500 - $19,999
$20,000 - $24,999
$25,000 - $29,999
$30,000 +
Family Income, All U.S. Sources, Previous Calendar Year
Average family income range
Family income range
Assets Owned or Buying in the United States
(all workers, multiple responses)
Plot of land
Home
Mobile home
Car or truck
49%
Assets Owned or Buying in a Foreign Country
(foreign-born workers, multiple responses)
0%
Households Receiving Payments from
Contribution-Based Programs (last two years)
Unemployment Insurance
Social Security
Disability Insurance
Households Receiving Benefits from
Needs-Based Programs (last two years)
Medicaid
Women Infants and Children (WIC)
Food Stamps
Public Housing
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